The video starts off with what can be termed as the first solid formation of the Roman army (when Rome was still a city-state kingdom). The Government of the Roman Republic had how many consuls? The term legion also denotes the military system by which imperial Rome conquered and ruled the ancient world. The basic structure of both the Greek Phalanx and the Roman Legion were quite different from one another. Mind you, I was aware that I would learn a lot about the Hellenistic phalanx and the Roman legion. What time did Rome control the center? Not from the viewpoint of a historian with the hindsight of history. Roman legion. The best descriptions of the formations come from the historian Polybius. the roman legions were created as a result of this group sacking Rome. Compare and Contrast Essay Between the Greek Goddess Artemis and the Roman Goddess Diana. gauls. Legio X: The Tenth Mounted Legion was the personal legion of Julius Caesar. Rome's disposal of sewage was . I'm going to play the devils advocate on this one, because I think most people are going to support the Spartans. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. And quite unsurprisingly, the Roman military system of this time was inspired by its more-advanced neighbor (and enemy) – the Etruscans. The Tiber River was a key trade rout and small ships could travel up and down the river. ... command compared with the Carthaginians. The less rugged terrain helped unite the peninsula. A strong organized Roman Army/Divisions of Roman soldiers. At first, under the Etruscan Kings, the massive Greek phalanx was the mode of battle. Given that the legion almost consistently defeated the phalanx, Cole suggests the principal advantages the Roman military system possessed that led to this result. The Romans creates a united community during their conquest of Italy by. en Compared to the tightly packed spearmen of the phalanx, the Roman heavy infantry, through their training and discipline, and operating in conjunction with light foot and cavalry, could quickly adopt a number of methods and formations depending on the situation. Expert Answer . What is a legion? I think that a interesting point. What were the advantages of a legion compared to a phalanx? It is generally perceived that with the later Battle of Pydna, this defeat demonstrated the superiority of the Roman legion over the Macedonian phalanx. The two terms aren’t exactly comparable. Publicans were sold tax contracts. READ MORE: Roman Kings, a complete list of the 7 early rulers. The phalanx was a big square of destruction. Find evidence to support the idea that the Romans were open to the influence of foreign cultures. After the war, they didn't have the money to fix the land, so rich people bought up the small farm lands and combined them to make latifundias. Mostly, they would just be able to outflank the spartans. The phalanx describes a tactical formation of soldiers whereas a Roman legion is more of an administrative unit, roughly comparable to modern “divisions”. The legions stopped using the traditional phalanx formation that was developed by Greek warriors and instead began to fight with more open lines and swords instead of spears. The Roman empire developed much later than the Greek empire thus the Romans copied almost everything that the Greeks had developed over time, such as art, literature and Gods. Until our times, no Roman military regulations have been preserved, taking into account the period of the republic or the empire. phalanx. How long did the soldiers have to be in the army for? This assertion undoubtedly has much merit given the number of men the Romans lost during that conflict (roughly 100,000 in the first two years alone). Small farms were replaced by large farms because. PHALANX vs LEGION . The Romans, however, pioneered small-unit tactics, and organized their armies into smaller formations capable of acting independently of the rest of the army. Legion versus Phalanx: The Epic Struggle for Infantry Supremacy in the Ancient World by Myke Cole. Spartan Hoplite. When? Find evidence to support the idea that the Romans were open to the influence of foreign cultures. It was supposed to be no more than 10% of the price paid for the contract, but most publicans made extra money, He was assassinated by the Senators when he wanted to be dictator for life. The Romans identified their gods with those of the Greeks. The phalanx was a big square of destruction. The legion's tactics were actually themselves evolutions of the phalanx, indeed the Romans originally fought in the phalanx manner, but after some bad experiences (re sack of Rome) they made some modifications. #WolfAndKaisaYou´ve never seen a Rome II battle like this!! STUDY. A Roman legion was the basic military unit of the ancient Roman army in the period of the late Roman Republic and the Roman Empire.It was roughly equivalent to the modern word division.In the plural, the legions, it may mean the entire Roman army. Makes sense since the phalanx was only one part of the Hellenic Army, often not the main effort. The term legion also denotes the military system by which imperial Rome conquered and ruled the ancient world. If the romans were channeled into a narrow area that the spartans could defend as a phalanx without moving, id say the spartans would win. Romans got some of their alphabet from the Etruscans. the military formation used by Greeks in which common citizens held spears and shields side by side in battle. The Greeks used armies of massed infantry standing very close together, all joined as one giant unit. What was the publicans role in tax contracts? Some Greeks were settled in Italy before the Romans. How did Italy's geography help Rome unite the peninsula? A Roman legion (from Latin legio "military levy, conscription", from legere "to choose") normally indicates the basic ancient Roman army unit recruited specifically from Roman citizens. To truly understand both of these revolutionary war tactics, in this essay I will compare and contrast the similarities and differences between the structure, purpose and effectiveness of both the Greek Phalanx and the Roman Legion. Armed with spears or pikes, standing shoulder to shoulder with shields interlocking, the men of the phalanx presented an impenetrable wall of wood and metal to the enemy. A strong organized Roman Army/Divisions of Roman soldiers. Specialist units are, by their very nature, inflexible. Small Farms were replaced by large estates called latifundias. Legion vs phalanx is the worst descriptor. Less Easily Maneuvered. I am not sure if I would say that the Romans were more maneuverable per se as we dont really have any examples of Roman legionnaires simply running around phalangites however they … I particularly enjoyed how Cole went beyond just the warfare elements. faster, smaller than the Greek phalanx. the small farms had produced wheat for food. They no longer grew their own wheat because the imported their wheat from conquered areas like Sicily. It's worth wondering why. AFTER, seeing the wealth in conquered places like Carthage and Greece, the Romans sent the prisoners to be enslaved people who lived and worked on latifundias. Rarely Successful. 290 BC. They obtained many types of weapons from other countries. Salt allowence. Question: Compared With The Phalanx, The Roman Legion Was O More Flexible And Adaptable. a war between the city-states Sparta and Athens in 431 B.C. The adopted Greek heroes and legends as their own. Side Score: 35. Start studying Ancient Rome. history question, please help. It was also the name of the military insignia carried by such unit.. Maniple members, seen as each other's brothers in arms, were called commanipulares (singular, commanipularis), but without the domestic closeness of the eight-man contubernium. far more likely to reverence the gods. WAB Macedonian Phalanx vs. Roman Legion. See Chart at School. Because legions were not standing units until the Marian reforms (c. 107 BC), and were instead created, used, and disbanded again, several hundred legions were named and numbered throughout Roman history. Persian Wars. Led personally by him when he was governor of Hispania Ulterior, the legion was an alternative to cavalry auxiliaries, as Julius did not trust those from the territories recently conquered. How was a Roman legion different from a Greek phalanx? The Roman legion only narrowly defeated the Greek phalanx. The primary weapon used in the Greek phalanx was a longer type of spear known as a sarissa pike. Roman legionaries, because they are more maneuverable. The main mountains that helped to protect them were the Alps Mountains to the north, and the Tiber River, which flowed through Rome and was 15 miles from the Mediterranean Sea. A military group (5,000 soldiers) What is the equivalence of a legionary? Define salarium. the leader of Carthage who led elephants into Italy. This made the the legions extremely versatile in battle when compared to the phalanx. The Macedonian phalanx and the Roman legion are perhaps the most famous tactical formations in antiquity. Phyrrus) What I'm trying to say is that, back in 400 BC Spartans could crash a Roman army.100-150 years later though they would propably crashed. A key moment in Roman … Show transcribed image text. The titanic struggle between Rome and Carthage had prevented the Roman's from pursuing a policy of all out war against the Greeks. by Jeff Jonas. It’s easy to see where the “tortoise” formation got its name. Large warships could not travel up the shallow river. Did both Roman Republic Consul members have to agree before any law was passed?
From the time of Ancient Sumeria, the heavy infantry phalanx dominated the battlefield. What where the Velites main job? And they would outnumber Spartan hoplites. In the Roman army, a full strength legion was officially made up of 6,000 men, but typically all legions were organized at under strength and generally consisted of approximately 5,300 fighting men including officers. How often? Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. B. It would be a legion (about 5,000 men) against 5,000 Spartans. What advantages did the Tiber River provide? What were the advantages of a legion compared to a phalanx? If all-round protection was needed, men on the flanks and at the rear could also present and lock their nearly metre-wide shields together, their sharply curved fronts forming an excellent missile barrier. In the early Roman Kingdom legion may have meant the entire Roman army, but sources on this period are few and unreliable. When Carthage took Sicily, Rome also wanted Sicily's granaries (source of wheat). What are the 4 units in the legion ? 'a handful') was a tactical unit of the Roman Republic adopted during the Samnite Wars (343–290 BC). Read More: Roman Legion Names. Rarely Successful. The Roman manipular legion and the Macedonian phalanx were each pivotal factors in the successes of their states, but was one formation actually better than the other? Some of the commands surely date back to Roman legions and were then in use. Because of this, Roman farmers burned their fields/crops. In the time of the Early Roman Empire, there were usually about 25–35 permanent standing legions.A legion consisted of several cohorts of heavy infantry known as legionaries. Their weapons were the thrusting spear and the sword. Compared to the tightly packed spearmen of the phalanx, the Roman heavy infantry, through their training and discipline, and operating in conjunction with light foot and cavalry, could quickly adopt a number of methods and formations depending on the situation. However the Romans did give some of their Gods different names and duties than those of the Greek Gods. Historians and students of the field alike have often compared the Hellenistic-era phalanx with the Roman legion, in an attempt to ascertain which of the formations was truly better. What was the reason for the change in Roman agriculture after Hannibal's invasion? The sarissa is too long for anyone to reach and formation is too dense for Romans to break it with pilums. Legion, a military organization, originally the largest permanent organization in the armies of ancient Rome. Equites and velites are both part of the Roman legion. Armed with spears or pikes, standing shoulder to shoulder with shields interlocking, the men of the phalanx presented an impenetrable wall of wood and metal to the enemy. And at the beginning of the battle, the Macedonian Phalanx did succeed in pushing back the Roman Legions, but without good … Detractors of the former point out that in many engagements between the two (such as at Pydna and Cynosephalae), the legion was the clear victor, and hence represented a superior system. The expanding early Roman Republic found the Greek phalanx formation too Two distract heavier units. In the foreground, a maniple has exploited a gap in the arrayed pikes of the white shield phalanx. Roman Legions. Spartans lost from the Theban "oblique" phalanx.Its evolution,the Macedonian Phalanx, crushed the Thebans.And the Roman legion in most occasions won the phallanx (it lost sometimes though,f.e. The latifundias produced olive groves and vineyards. The Romans would be led by Julius Caesar while the Spartans would be led by Leonidas. Or maniples. Some descriptions of the testudo discriminate betw… Side Score: 20. Rome defeated Carthage and gained 3 islands and Carthage agreed to make peace and left Sicily. history question, please help. The Roman/Italian military alliance had fully evolved by 264 BC and remained for 200 years the basis of Roman military organisation. PLAY. There were trading ports along the river. Some Greeks were … They had to be in the army from 20-25 years. What time did Rome rule the whole peninsula? peasants forced to stay on the land they worked. 5 points. Maniple (Latin: manipulus, lit. Phalanx was unbeatable when it faces enemy. This question hasn't been answered yet Ask an expert. Veto say no to. After the fall of mighty Carthage in the Second Punic War (202 BC) Rome began to prepare for the invasion of Greece. Less Suited To Mountain Terrain. While Hannibal's soldiers were in Italy (roaming), they lived off the land. Velites, Princepes, hestati, and trairii. A legion was about 5,000 men in several cohorts of heavy infantry (legionaries). Peter Connolly captures the action as the phalanx pins and pushes back the Romans on the level ground. The Phalanx was certainly inflexible. Phyrrus) What I'm trying to say is that, back in 400 BC Spartans could crash a Roman army.100-150 years later though they would propably crashed. This study examined the Republican Roman field armies (circa 218-168 BCE) to establish their tactical organization and deployment strategies in order to determine how significant it was to their success. It was also weak on the flanks, especially on the right. Previous question Next question Transcribed Image Text from this Question. With the next four the tribunes of the third legion have the first choice, those of the second the last; and so on in regular rotation: of which the result is that each legion gets men of much the same standard. BRING IT HOME!! The legions no longer protected the Roman frontier as they turned to looting the wealthy provinces of Italy and Greece. BEFORE the last Punic War, enslaved people were NOT used in agriculture. If when they actually clashed then the Roman military system was superior and they had far more manpower than the divided Greek and Macedonian Successor States. or it would end in a draw. PLAY. the great naval that was defeated by the Roman legions. 5. The emblem of the legion was a b Legio I Italica ("First Italian Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded by emperor Nero on September 22, 66 (the date is attested by an inscription). The backbone of the 15,000-men-strong Roman army was the legion. The 6000 Roman citizens of the legion fought as a phalanx of hoplites, a tactic that was widely used in Greece and Etruria. The phalanx is a tightly packed bunch of men in which, almost irregardless of your weapon (you can pick any one of 100 around the world in any combination) you were destined to loose. Legion versus Phalanx is a unique book because it attempts to show the difference from the perspective of a soldier. Expert Answer . Source: WeaponsandWarfare. Less Easily Maneuvered. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Pyrrhus ordered the elephants to charge the part of the Roman line which was in difficulty. Their uniquely large scuta, as the Romans’ shields were called, allowed them to present a 360-degree wall of wood to opponents. Early Roman soldiers hence must have looked much like Greek hoplites. Legion, a military organization, originally the largest permanent organization in the armies of ancient Rome. The phalanx was much better working on defense than offense. Spartans lost from the Theban "oblique" phalanx.Its evolution,the Macedonian Phalanx, crushed the Thebans.And the Roman legion in most occasions won the phallanx (it lost sometimes though,f.e. Overall its quite a difficult question. Then the men leading the elephants stopped driving them forward and threw down spears. republic. The Romans sent the wagons against them, with some initial success. . According to Cicero, Romans, compared to other peoples were. If when they actually clashed then the Roman military system was superior and they had far more manpower than the divided Greek and Macedonian Successor States. To date, about 50 have been identified. From the time of Ancient Sumeria, the heavy infantry phalanx dominated the battlefield. 275 BC . YES. Less Suited To Mountain Terrain. The Roman legion could fight the phalanx head-on and decimate it. stoning. Roman Legionaire. The phalanxes of Alexander the Great humbled the armies of the mighty Persian Empire, while Roman legions conquered Italy, Carthage, and Gaul. Houston. Why did they abandon they Phalanx ? What you're actually comparing is Roman heavy infantry, or even better described, line infantry, so the Hastati, Principes, Triarii. The legion was raised by Caesar and served throughout the Gallic Campaign. The Roman Phalanx – Roman hoplite (on right) fighting against the Etruscan warriors. The early Roman army, however, was a different thing altogether than the later imperial army. foreigners serving in a Roman legion. It was cut off from other lands by sea and mountains. Did both Roman Republic Consul members have to agree before any law was passed? The expanding early Roman Republic found the Greek phalanx formation too Add New Argument. Kings were the head of the army, were the supreme judge and the chief priest. Here is the post by Bares laying out the cases of phalanx vs legion. When the next four are selected the tribunes of the second legion have the first choice, and those of the first the last. Whereas when King Perseus fought the Roman Legions at Pydna, he had forsaken the Combined Arms approach and reverted back to a full Phalanx force, the kind of force his ancestor King Alexander had defeated many a times with his Combined Arms approach. These assessments describe the success of Rome on a very broad scale. It was founded in 65 B.C, during Julius’ campaign to fully subdue Hispania fully under Roman control. A legion was roughly of brigade size, composed of 4,200 infantry and 300 cavalry in the republican period, extended to 5,200 infantry and 120 auxilia in the imperial period. 3 islands and Carthage agreed to make peace and left Sicily massive phalanx. Has n't been answered yet Ask an compared with the phalanx, the roman legion was quizlet I 'd learn so much difference... Pyrrhus ordered the elephants to charge the part of the legion and chief! 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