Dorydrepanon (GR): shafted sickle. Following this victory, the Thebans first secured their power-base in Boeotia, before marching on Sparta. Mora (GR): Spartan military unit. Thyreos (GR): shield. Although the Spartans did not attempt to rule all of Greece directly, they prevented alliances of other Greek cities, and forced the city-states to accept governments deemed suitable by Sparta. Trièrès (GR): trireme; oared warship with three levels of rowers. [9] Darius thus sent his commanders Datis and Artaphernes to attack Attica, to punish Athens for her intransigence. Pyknosis (GR): close-order formation. Many of these would have been mercenary troops, hired from outlying regions of Greece. Kestrosphendonè (GR): special type of bolt used by slingers as a short range missile. After several days of stalemate at Marathon, the Persian commanders attempted to take strategic advantage by sending their cavalry (by ship) to raid Athens itself. This obviously took advanced mathematics. Polemos (GR): war; battle. Kakos (GR): coward. Pritchett, Kendrick W., The Greek State at War, 5 Vols., Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1975–1991. Syskènios (GR): tent partner; Spartan member of military mess association. War also stimulated production because of the sudden increase in demand for weapons and armor. Anderson, J. K., Military Theory and Practice in the Age of Xenophon, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1970. Tagos (GR): Thessalian commander-in-chief. Pages in category "Ancient Greek military terminology" Cataphract Chalkaspides Chiliarch Companion cavalry Karda (PE): warlike spirit. Askooma (GR): leather sleeve surrounding lowest oar to prevent the ship from taking water. Chiliostys (GR): unit of thousand; military unit. It was a period of political, philosophical, artistic, and scientific achievements that formed a legacy with unparalleled influence on Western civilization. It scouted, screened, harassed, outflanked and pursued with the most telling moment being the use of Syracusan horse to harass and eventually destroy the retreating Athenian army of the disastrous Sicilian expedition 415-413 B.C. Amrtaka (PE): Immortals; Persian royal foot guards. These included javelin throwers (akontistai), stone throwers (lithovoloi) and slingers (sfendonitai) while archers (toxotai) were rare, mainly from Crete, or mercenary non-Greek tribes (as at the crucial battle of Plataea 479 B.C.) Ancient Greek politics, philosophy, art and scientific achievements greatly influenced Western civilizations today. Drepanon (GR): battle-scythe. Klèrouchos (GR): fief holder; military settler; soldier granted land for his upkeep. The centre and right were staggered backwards from the left (an 'echelon' formation), so that the phalanx advanced obliquely. Lazenby, John F., "Hoplite Warfare," in John Hackett, (ed. They were known as hoplites because of the shield that they used to protect them. Polyandreion (GR): mass grave. With this evolution in warfare, battles seem to have consisted mostly of the clash of hoplite phalanxes from the city-states in conflict. Perikephalaios (GR): helmet. Machimos (GR): indigenous Egyptian soldier. Rawlings, Louis, "Alternative Agonies: Hoplite Martial and Combat Experiences beyond the Phalanx," in Hans van Wees, War and Violence in Ancient Greece, London and Swansea: Duckworth and the Classical Press of Wales, 2000, pp. Click to go to the page with all the answers to Mystic words July 3 2017. The war (or wars, since it is often divided into three periods) was for much of the time a stalemate, punctuated with occasional bouts of activity. Proptoosis (GR): levelling of spears to the front of the battle-line. The rise of Athens and Sparta during this conflict led directly to the Peloponnesian War, which saw diversification of warfare. The remaining Athenian fleet was thereby forced to confront the Spartans, and were decisively defeated. Agora - The agora was the central meeting place in Ancient Greek cities. Far from the previously limited and formalized form of conflict, the Peloponnesian War transformed into an all-out struggle between city-states, complete with atrocities on a large scale; shattering religious and cultural taboos, devastating vast swathes of countryside and destroying whole cities.[11]. Basilikè ilè (GR): royal wing; Macedonian royal guard cavalry unit. Misthophoros (GR): mercenary. The Spartans did not feel strong enough to impose their will on a shattered Athens. Keleusthès (GR): naval officer responsible for setting and maintaining the rowing speed. The visionary Athenian politician Themistocles had successfully persuaded his fellow citizens to build a huge fleet in 483/82 BC to combat the Persian threat (and thus to effectively abandon their hoplite army, since there were not men enough for both). When advancing towards an enemy, the phalanx would break into a run that was sufficient to create momentum but not too much as to lose cohesion. led to the rise of the city-states (Poleis). Hègemoon (GR): commander. Skytale (GR): stick; (1) broken half of a stick used to verify the origin of a message; (2)Spartan dogtags made of a wooden identification sign. However, a united Greek army of c. 40,000 hoplites decisively defeated Mardonius at the Battle of Plataea, effectively ending the invasion. Xystophoros (GR): spearman. Van Crefeld, Martin, Technology and War: From 2000 B.C. Katapeltaphetès (GR): (1) artilleryman; (2) artillery instructor. 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